{"id":573408,"date":"2026-03-05T21:17:45","date_gmt":"2026-03-05T20:17:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/who-offers-the-prayer-to-the-virgin-mary-in-canto-33-of-paradiso\/"},"modified":"2026-03-05T21:17:45","modified_gmt":"2026-03-05T20:17:45","slug":"who-offers-the-prayer-to-the-virgin-mary-in-canto-33-of-paradiso","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/who-offers-the-prayer-to-the-virgin-mary-in-canto-33-of-paradiso\/","title":{"rendered":"Who offers the prayer to the Virgin Mary in Paradiso 33: quick guide"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"who_offers_the_prayer_to_the_virgin_mary_in_canto_33_of_paradiso\"><\/span>who offers the prayer to the virgin mary in canto 33 of paradiso<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>If you have ever paused to check who offers the prayer to the virgin mary in canto 33 of paradiso, you are in excellent company. Many first-time readers (and even seasoned ones) want to be sure who is speaking at this pivotal moment. The answer matters because it shapes how we read the last pages of Dante\u2019s vision of Heaven and the mystery of his final enlightenment. In this guide, you will find a clear explanation of who speaks, why Dante chose that figure, what the prayer means, and how it ties the whole of the Divine Comedy together.<\/p>\n<p>To give the short answer upfront: the figure who offers the prayer to the virgin mary in canto 33 of paradiso is Saint Bernard of Clairvaux. He raises a solemn intercession to Mary so that Dante may be granted the grace to behold the ultimate vision of God. Around this core fact, however, Dante weaves layers of theology, poetry, and spiritual pedagogy that reward a slower, more attentive reading.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quick_answer_who_offers_the_prayer_to_the_virgin_mary_in_canto_33_of_paradiso\"><\/span>Quick answer: who offers the prayer to the virgin mary in canto 33 of paradiso?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The person who offers the prayer to the virgin mary in canto 33 of paradiso is Saint Bernard of Clairvaux. In the closing stages of Paradiso, Beatrice\u2014Dante\u2019s long-standing guide\u2014gives way to Bernard, the medieval Cistercian abbot and celebrated preacher of Marian devotion. Dante assigns Bernard this role because of his historical reputation as a profound theologian of grace and as a passionate advocate of the Virgin\u2019s unique place in salvation history.<\/p>\n<p>Bernard\u2019s prayer is no decorative flourish. By addressing Mary, Bernard formally asks that Dante be strengthened in intellect and purified in desire so that he can sustain the beatific vision. Put simply, Bernard\u2019s intercession is Dante\u2019s final \u201cgreen light\u201d to cross the threshold from seeing the heavenly hierarchy to contemplating the mystery of God.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Who_is_Saint_Bernard_of_Clairvaux%E2%80%94and_why_did_Dante_choose_him\"><\/span>Who is Saint Bernard of Clairvaux\u2014and why did Dante choose him?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Saint Bernard (1090\u20131153) was among the most influential churchmen of the twelfth century: a monastic reformer, spiritual writer, and preacher whose homilies on the Song of Songs and Marian sermons became touchstones of medieval devotion. Dante taps this reputation with precision. If the question is who offers the prayer to the virgin mary in canto 33 of paradiso, the deeper question is why Bernard\u2019s voice, not Beatrice\u2019s or Dante\u2019s own, is right for the task. The answer lies in Bernard\u2019s historic role as an authoritative teacher of humility and grace and as a model of balanced, Christ-centred Marian piety.<\/p>\n<p>Bernard represents the summit of purified love guiding reason to its fulfilment. Where Beatrice leads by splendour and wisdom, Bernard leads by contemplative stillness and intercession. He embodies the attitude a soul needs at the threshold of ultimate vision: utter dependence on God\u2019s grace, approached through Mary\u2019s freely given motherhood and advocacy.<\/p>\n<p>For a compact, reliable overview of Bernard\u2019s life and thought, you can consult <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Saint-Bernard-of-Clairvaux\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Encyclopaedia Britannica\u2019s biography of Saint Bernard of Clairvaux<\/a>, which explains his significance for Western spirituality and his status in medieval Europe.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Context_how_the_scene_unfolds_in_Paradiso\"><\/span>Context: how the scene unfolds in Paradiso<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Paradiso progresses through the celestial spheres towards the Empyrean, where Dante at last beholds the white rose of the blessed. As he approaches the end, Beatrice has brought him as far as she can. At the threshold of the final grace, she returns to her seat among the blessed, and Bernard appears as Dante\u2019s last guide. If you are tracing who offers the prayer to the virgin mary in canto 33 of paradiso in the narrative\u2019s flow, it is the newly arrived Bernard who steps forward to speak for Dante.<\/p>\n<p>Dante is making a dramatic and theological point: wisdom (Beatrice) prepares the mind; but it is contemplative love and intercessory grace (Bernard and Mary) that clears the way for God\u2019s gift of final sight. By placing Bernard\u2019s prayer at the start of Canto 33, Dante underscores that no human intellect, however refined, attains the beatific vision without grace.<\/p>\n<p>For a reliable text and commentary in English, see <a href=\"https:\/\/digitaldante.columbia.edu\/dante\/divine-comedy\/paradiso\/paradiso-33\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Digital Dante\u2019s Paradiso 33<\/a>, which provides line-by-line insights into the canto\u2019s structure and imagery.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_the_prayer_says_and_means_in_plain_language\"><\/span>What the prayer says and means (in plain language)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Although translations differ, the core movement of the prayer remains stable. Bernard first praises Mary for her singular role in salvation\u2014her free \u201cyes\u201d that opened the way for the incarnation and redeemed humanity\u2019s long exile. He then asks Mary to look graciously on Dante, who has come so far and now longs to see what no mortal eye can sustain unassisted: God as God is. Finally, he asks that Dante\u2019s mind be steadied and illumined so the vision will not overwhelm him but perfect him.<\/p>\n<p>From start to finish, the prayer celebrates Mary not as an alternative to Christ but as the one who, in Christian belief, cooperated most fully with God\u2019s plan and now intercedes for the faithful. This is why Dante entrusts Bernard with the plea: he was famed for expressing Marian devotion in a way that always returns the soul to Christ and the Trinity.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_themes_at_a_glance\"><\/span>Key themes at a glance<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Praise of Mary\u2019s unique consent to God\u2019s plan, which \u201cturned the key\u201d to human redemption.<\/li>\n<li>Intercession: Bernard asks Mary to secure for Dante the capacity to see God without faltering.<\/li>\n<li>Humility: both in Mary (the highest yet most humble) and in Bernard\u2019s posture before her.<\/li>\n<li>Grace and intellect: the mind must be fortified by grace to behold the highest truth.<\/li>\n<li>Union of love and knowledge: the vision is not mere seeing but a loving comprehension.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Marian_devotion_in_context_West_and_East\"><\/span>Marian devotion in context: West and East<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Readers sometimes wonder if the prayer\u2019s Marian focus is exclusively \u201cWestern.\u201d In fact, devotion to Mary spans the broad Christian tradition. The West (Catholicism in particular) developed a rich theology of Mary\u2019s intercession, which Dante reflects. Meanwhile, the Christian East honours Mary as Theotokos (God-bearer) and celebrates her in liturgy with equal fervour. For a broad context on Eastern traditions that can enrich your reading of Paradiso\u2019s finale, see this <a href=\"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/eastern-orthodox-church\/\">overview of the Eastern Orthodox Church<\/a>. Understanding this shared reverence helps modern readers grasp why Bernard\u2019s prayer rings with authority and tenderness across centuries.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_Bernard_and_not_Beatrice%E2%80%94or_Dante_himself\"><\/span>Why Bernard and not Beatrice\u2014or Dante himself?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>It may seem natural to imagine Beatrice, who led Dante through Heaven, as the one who offers the prayer to the virgin mary in canto 33 of paradiso. Yet Dante signals a shift in emphasis at the edge of the Empyrean. Beatrice\u2019s role is pedagogical and illuminative; Bernard\u2019s is intercessory and contemplative. Dante himself cannot credibly offer the final prayer on his own behalf without first modelling the humility and reliance that the prayer itself articulates. Handing the plea to Bernard dramatises the theological truth that divine vision is gift, not achievement.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rhetoric_and_imagery_how_the_prayer_works_as_poetry\"><\/span>Rhetoric and imagery: how the prayer works as poetry<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Dante puts into Bernard\u2019s mouth a highly structured piece of rhetoric. Its opening praises and attributes establish Mary\u2019s identity; its petitions are tailored to Dante\u2019s need; its closing rests on Mary\u2019s motherly attentiveness. Common images include the brightness of the eternal light, the rose of the blessed, and the sense that Mary both receives and refracts divine radiance. The prayer\u2019s gentle yet insistent tone keeps attention on God\u2019s grace while honouring Mary\u2019s unique place in the story of salvation.<\/p>\n<p>These poetic choices serve an interpretive purpose. If you are working out who offers the prayer to the virgin mary in canto 33 of paradiso, also notice how Dante lets that speaker shape meaning: Bernard\u2019s words guide you, as reader, to share the same dependence and expectancy that Dante experiences at the brink of vision.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Historical_background_that_enriches_the_scene\"><\/span>Historical background that enriches the scene<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<div id='video-container' data-video-id='3Jt4z2FcST8' style='width:100%; height:auto; max-width:587px; position: relative;'>\n<div class='image-video-plugin' style='background:url(\"https:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/3Jt4z2FcST8\/0.jpg\") center no-repeat; background-size: cover;'><\/div>\n<p>        <span class='youtube-play-button'><\/span><br \/>\n        <noscript><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=3Jt4z2FcST8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/a><\/noscript>\n    <\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Dante wrote in the early fourteenth century, drawing on theological currents from the preceding age\u2014monastic spirituality, Scholastic synthesis, and a maturing Marian devotion. To situate this finale within its intellectual climate, you may find it useful to consider the high medieval world that formed Dante\u2019s thought, including the legacy of the preceding hundred years. For orientation, see this primer on <a href=\"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/13th-century\/\">the thirteenth century background<\/a>, which helps explain why Bernard\u2019s figure would have carried immediate authority for Dante\u2019s audience.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Common_confusions_and_how_to_avoid_them\"><\/span>Common confusions and how to avoid them<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Even careful readers can stumble here. Here are frequent pitfalls and how to sidestep them:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Misattribution to Beatrice: Remember that Beatrice yields to Bernard before the prayer begins. If you ask yourself who offers the prayer to the virgin mary in canto 33 of paradiso, check the narrative cue where Beatrice returns to her seat among the blessed.<\/li>\n<li>Thinking the prayer is independent of Christ: The prayer is profoundly Christ-centred through Mary; it asks for the grace that only God gives, through the maternal intercession of Mary.<\/li>\n<li>Reading only a snippet: The full movement\u2014praise, intercession, petition\u2014matters. Reading one isolated line may blur its theological balance and purpose.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_to_read_Canto_33_if_you_are_new_to_Dante\"><\/span>How to read Canto 33 if you are new to Dante<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Canto 33 can feel formidable. Here is a gentle method to approach it:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>First, clarify who offers the prayer to the virgin mary in canto 33 of paradiso (Saint Bernard). Mark where he begins to speak.<\/li>\n<li>Read a smooth prose translation to get the flow, then return to the verse to savour images and cadence.<\/li>\n<li>Track structure: opening praise, specific intercession for Dante, final petitions about vision and strength.<\/li>\n<li>Note the transition from Bernard\u2019s prayer to Dante\u2019s own account of seeing\u2014this shift signals that the grace asked for has been granted.<\/li>\n<li>Consult a reliable commentary to clarify theological allusions that might otherwise escape notice.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>For texts, translations, and tools, the <a href=\"https:\/\/dante.princeton.edu\/pdp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Princeton Dante Project<\/a> offers a respected scholarly gateway with multiple translations and notes.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_the_question_matters_for_students_and_general_readers\"><\/span>Why the question matters for students and general readers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>It might seem a small detail, but knowing who offers the prayer to the virgin mary in canto 33 of paradiso unlocks the canto\u2019s logic. The identity of the speaker teaches you how to read the prayer: as an act of intercessory love that prepares the soul for a gift beyond effort or merit. It also equips you to recognise Dante\u2019s careful choreography\u2014how roles shift so that each figure (Beatrice, Bernard, Mary) leads Dante to God in a distinctive way.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_this_reveals_about_Dantes_theology_of_grace\"><\/span>What this reveals about Dante\u2019s theology of grace<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In medieval thought, grace builds on nature, healing and elevating it. Dante dramatises this by staging intellect and love in harmony. The prayer encapsulates a fully Catholic vision in which Mary\u2019s intercession is part of one economy of grace that leads to Christ and, through Christ, to the vision of the Trinity. If the central puzzle for you is who offers the prayer to the virgin mary in canto 33 of paradiso, the theological treasure is why that person\u2014the great Cistercian doctor of love\u2014articulates grace as both necessity and gift.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Examples_from_the_prayers_structure_without_technical_jargon\"><\/span>Examples from the prayer\u2019s structure (without technical jargon)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Opening praise: Bernard acclaims Mary\u2019s unique role\u2014her humility raising human nature without diminishing it.<\/li>\n<li>Central plea: He asks Mary to \u201cguard\u201d Dante\u2019s sight and steady his mind for what lies ahead.<\/li>\n<li>Closing trust: The end of the prayer communicates peaceful confidence that Mary\u2019s maternal care will not fail.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These stages correspond to how Dante thinks spiritual progress works: memory of God\u2019s mercies, present petition for help, and faithful rest in the promise of grace.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Recommended_external_resources\"><\/span>Recommended external resources<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>If you wish to explore further after confirming who offers the prayer to the virgin mary in canto 33 of paradiso, the following resources provide texts and expert commentary:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/digitaldante.columbia.edu\/dante\/divine-comedy\/paradiso\/paradiso-33\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Digital Dante: Paradiso 33 (text and commentary)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dante.princeton.edu\/pdp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Princeton Dante Project (texts, translations, and tools)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradiso_(Dante)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikipedia: Paradiso (overview of themes, structure, and cantos)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Saint-Bernard-of-Clairvaux\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Britannica: Saint Bernard of Clairvaux (historical background)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_asked_questions_about_who_offers_the_prayer_to_the_virgin_mary_in_canto_33_of_paradiso\"><\/span>Frequently asked questions about who offers the prayer to the virgin mary in canto 33 of paradiso<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Who_precisely_offers_the_prayer_at_the_start_of_Canto_33\"><\/span>Who, precisely, offers the prayer at the start of Canto 33?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Saint Bernard of Clairvaux offers the prayer. Dante assigns him this final intercessory role because of Bernard\u2019s historical authority as a theologian of love and Marian devotion. So if you are asking who offers the prayer to the virgin mary in canto 33 of paradiso, the clear answer is Bernard.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_does_Beatrice_not_offer_the_final_prayer\"><\/span>Why does Beatrice not offer the final prayer?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Beatrice\u2019s mission is to teach and illuminate Dante\u2019s intellect. As he nears the beatific vision, another virtue is needed: contemplative intercession. Bernard symbolises this transition. His prayer to Mary prepares Dante for the grace that surpasses even Beatrice\u2019s luminous guidance.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_the_prayer_focused_on_Mary_instead_of_Christ\"><\/span>Is the prayer focused on Mary instead of Christ?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>No. Bernard\u2019s prayer honours Mary\u2019s role but remains directed to God\u2019s grace. Mary is asked to intercede, not to replace. In Dante\u2019s vision, Mary\u2019s maternal advocacy leads unerringly to Christ and the Trinity, culminating in the sight Dante is then granted.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_English_translation_best_conveys_the_prayer\"><\/span>Which English translation best conveys the prayer?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Different translations serve different readers. For clarity, you might start with a modern prose rendering, then compare with a verse translation for poetic resonance. The <a href=\"https:\/\/dante.princeton.edu\/pdp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Princeton Dante Project<\/a> usefully juxtaposes several versions so you can sense the range of interpretive choices.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_does_this_prayer_relate_to_wider_Christian_traditions\"><\/span>How does this prayer relate to wider Christian traditions?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>It aligns with historic Catholic teaching on Mary\u2019s intercession and also resonates with Eastern Christian veneration of Mary as Theotokos. While theological accents differ across traditions, honouring Mary as a powerful intercessor is part of a broad Christian heritage.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_exactly_changes_for_Dante_after_the_prayer\"><\/span>What exactly changes for Dante after the prayer?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>After Bernard\u2019s intercession, Dante receives the grace that allows his mind to be lifted and steadied for the final vision. The narrative then shifts from prayer to experience, as Dante describes seeing the triune God in an image that<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title ez-toc-toggle\" style=\"cursor:pointer\">Tabla de contenidos<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Alternar tabla de contenidos\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/who-offers-the-prayer-to-the-virgin-mary-in-canto-33-of-paradiso\/#who_offers_the_prayer_to_the_virgin_mary_in_canto_33_of_paradiso\" >who offers the prayer to the virgin mary in canto 33 of paradiso<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/who-offers-the-prayer-to-the-virgin-mary-in-canto-33-of-paradiso\/#Quick_answer_who_offers_the_prayer_to_the_virgin_mary_in_canto_33_of_paradiso\" >Quick answer: who offers the prayer to the virgin mary in canto 33 of paradiso?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/who-offers-the-prayer-to-the-virgin-mary-in-canto-33-of-paradiso\/#Who_is_Saint_Bernard_of_Clairvaux%E2%80%94and_why_did_Dante_choose_him\" >Who is Saint Bernard of Clairvaux\u2014and why did Dante choose him?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/who-offers-the-prayer-to-the-virgin-mary-in-canto-33-of-paradiso\/#Context_how_the_scene_unfolds_in_Paradiso\" >Context: how the scene unfolds in Paradiso<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/who-offers-the-prayer-to-the-virgin-mary-in-canto-33-of-paradiso\/#What_the_prayer_says_and_means_in_plain_language\" >What the prayer says and means (in plain language)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/who-offers-the-prayer-to-the-virgin-mary-in-canto-33-of-paradiso\/#Key_themes_at_a_glance\" >Key themes at a glance<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/who-offers-the-prayer-to-the-virgin-mary-in-canto-33-of-paradiso\/#Marian_devotion_in_context_West_and_East\" >Marian devotion in context: West and East<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/who-offers-the-prayer-to-the-virgin-mary-in-canto-33-of-paradiso\/#Why_Bernard_and_not_Beatrice%E2%80%94or_Dante_himself\" >Why Bernard and not Beatrice\u2014or Dante himself?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/who-offers-the-prayer-to-the-virgin-mary-in-canto-33-of-paradiso\/#Rhetoric_and_imagery_how_the_prayer_works_as_poetry\" >Rhetoric and imagery: how the prayer works as poetry<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/who-offers-the-prayer-to-the-virgin-mary-in-canto-33-of-paradiso\/#Historical_background_that_enriches_the_scene\" >Historical background that enriches the scene<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/who-offers-the-prayer-to-the-virgin-mary-in-canto-33-of-paradiso\/#Common_confusions_and_how_to_avoid_them\" >Common confusions and how to avoid them<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/who-offers-the-prayer-to-the-virgin-mary-in-canto-33-of-paradiso\/#How_to_read_Canto_33_if_you_are_new_to_Dante\" >How to read Canto 33 if you are new to Dante<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/who-offers-the-prayer-to-the-virgin-mary-in-canto-33-of-paradiso\/#Why_the_question_matters_for_students_and_general_readers\" >Why the question matters for students and general readers<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/who-offers-the-prayer-to-the-virgin-mary-in-canto-33-of-paradiso\/#What_this_reveals_about_Dantes_theology_of_grace\" >What this reveals about Dante\u2019s theology of grace<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/who-offers-the-prayer-to-the-virgin-mary-in-canto-33-of-paradiso\/#Examples_from_the_prayers_structure_without_technical_jargon\" >Examples from the prayer\u2019s structure (without technical jargon)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/who-offers-the-prayer-to-the-virgin-mary-in-canto-33-of-paradiso\/#Recommended_external_resources\" >Recommended external resources<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/who-offers-the-prayer-to-the-virgin-mary-in-canto-33-of-paradiso\/#Frequently_asked_questions_about_who_offers_the_prayer_to_the_virgin_mary_in_canto_33_of_paradiso\" >Frequently asked questions about who offers the prayer to the virgin mary in canto 33 of paradiso<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/who-offers-the-prayer-to-the-virgin-mary-in-canto-33-of-paradiso\/#Who_precisely_offers_the_prayer_at_the_start_of_Canto_33\" >Who, precisely, offers the prayer at the start of Canto 33?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/who-offers-the-prayer-to-the-virgin-mary-in-canto-33-of-paradiso\/#Why_does_Beatrice_not_offer_the_final_prayer\" >Why does Beatrice not offer the final prayer?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/who-offers-the-prayer-to-the-virgin-mary-in-canto-33-of-paradiso\/#Is_the_prayer_focused_on_Mary_instead_of_Christ\" >Is the prayer focused on Mary instead of Christ?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/who-offers-the-prayer-to-the-virgin-mary-in-canto-33-of-paradiso\/#Which_English_translation_best_conveys_the_prayer\" >Which English translation best conveys the prayer?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/who-offers-the-prayer-to-the-virgin-mary-in-canto-33-of-paradiso\/#How_does_this_prayer_relate_to_wider_Christian_traditions\" >How does this prayer relate to wider Christian traditions?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/who-offers-the-prayer-to-the-virgin-mary-in-canto-33-of-paradiso\/#What_exactly_changes_for_Dante_after_the_prayer\" >What exactly changes for Dante after the prayer?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>who offers the prayer to the virgin mary in canto 33 of paradiso If you have ever paused to check who offers the prayer to the virgin mary in canto 33 of paradiso, you are in excellent company. Many first-time readers (and even seasoned ones) want to be sure who is speaking at this pivotal &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":573409,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10462],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-573408","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-religion"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/573408","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=573408"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/573408\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/573409"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=573408"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=573408"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/exmost.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=573408"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}